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Let There Be Light? Impact of Light Pollution on the Environment
Svoboda, Lukáš ; Mihai, Hana (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Světelné znečištění patří mezi mnoho druhů znečištění, které ohrožují naši planetu. Důvod jeho vzniku je vedlejší efekt průmyslové civilizace a jeho negativní dopad ohrožuje lidské zdraví, zvěř, rostlinstvo a klima. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept světelného znečištění, popsat způsoby měření a negativní dopady. Teoretická část bakalářské práce se zabývá definováním pojmu světelného znečištění a popisuje způsoby, jakými se světelné znečištění projevuje. Dále řeší možnosti měření světelného znečištění, a také diskutuje negativními dopady na lidské zdraví, přírodu, ekonomiku, bezpečnost a astronomii. Navazující kapitola popisuje parametry běžně užívaných světelných zdrojů pro veřejné osvětlení, a nakonec jsou probírány základní praktiky, které napomáhají snížit světelné znečištění a jsou doplněny příklady správně navrženými svítidly pro venkovní osvětlení. Praktická část této bakalářské práce se zabývá kvantitativním výzkumem, který měl za cíl objasnit úroveň povědomí o světelném znečištění mezi širokou veřejností. Data pro tento výzkum byla shromážděna pomocí dotazníkového šetření.
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Use of Luminance Analyser for the Quantification of Artificial Light at Night
Novák, Filip ; Motyčka, Martin (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with obtrusive light and its measurement, especially with the help of luminance analyzers. In particular, the necessary theoretical basis for the design of a measuring methodology for obtrusive light or veil brightness of the sky is laid here. This mainly includes the division of obtrusive light and its manifestations, a description of the effects of obtrusive light on the environment, selected organisms and the human body. Also described herein are the biological mechanisms of the human body that are affected by light as such. Attention is also paid to streetlights, its classification and methods of reducing obtrusive light, as well as methods of measuring brightness and brightness analyzers. Last but not least, the night sky is also measured using the LumiDISP luminance analyzer and subsequent data are evaluated using the proposed method.
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Light pollution around Vlašim
Černíková, Veronika ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kocourek, David (referee)
This work is focused on the measurement of light pollution in the vicinity of the central Bohemian city of Vlašim. The research part is devoted to familiarization with the issue of light pollution. Different types of artificial light sources are discussed, the impact on humans and ecosystems is mentioned. The Sky Quality Meter was used to measure the brightness of the sky at 11 locations around Vlašim. Measurements at each site were made to 8 cardinal directions and at three different heights above the horizon. The measurement results were combined with visual observation and the largest sources of light pollution in the area were identified, which include the industrial area in the southeast of the city, the arms store Sellier & Bellot, a.s. and the Sapeli door store. Key words Light pollution, sky brightness, obtrusive light, public lighting, Vlašim
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Evaluation of the state and protection of environment in the Czech Republic – August/September 2023
Kyselá, Monika
The CVVM SOÚ AV ČR surveyed the environmental topics in the period from August to September 2023. Respondents were asked how satisfied or dissatisfied they were with the condition of the environment in the Czech Republic generally and in their place of residence. They were also asked to evaluate the situation in relation to various activities or facts that have an impact on the state of the environment.\n\nIn regard to the state of the environment, respondents rate the environment in their place of residence (79%) better than the overall state of the environment in the Czech Republic (72%), while satisfaction with the state of the environment in their place of residence and the Czech Republic as a whole has declined slightly year-on-year.\n\nThe most problematic perception is the traffic density in the place of residence. A majority of citizens are dissatisfied with the traffic situation in their place of residence (56%).\n\nOn the other hand, citizens are most satisfied in the long term with the availability of wildlife in their place of residence, with which more than four-fifths of them are satisfied according to the current survey (81%); three-quarters are also satisfied with the quality of drinking water (75%).\n\nWith the exception of the quality of drinking water, people living in rural areas are more satisfied with all areas of the environment in their place of residence compared to urban respondents. In contrast, people from the suburbs of large cities are significantly most satisfied with the quality of drinking water, followed by people from villages. The biggest differences in favour of villages over cities are observed in the case of light pollution, air cleanliness and cleanliness of the surrounding nature.
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Effect of artificial light at night on ecophysiological functions of plants
Ležal, Lukáš ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Artificial light at night, as a significant source of anthropogenic pollution, has long been overlooked, both among the general public and in the scientific community as well as at the legislature level. Steps to reduce the negative impacts of artificial light at night have been taken late and to an insufficient extent, and it was the low general awareness that was one of the motivations for the bachelor thesis on this topic. Plants are a group of organisms that receive less attention than, for example, humans, although they far exceed them in ecological importance. Artificial light at night has the potential to alter the composition of plant communities and the food webs that are linked to them, of which humans are at the top. This is done by shifting plant phenological phases, disrupting the natural perception of day and night, modifying growth patterns and morphological characteristics, increasing irradiance stress or reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis. It is through a comprehensive knowledge of the interaction of plants with artificial light at night that society can effectively protect nature and introduce the necessary new standards and technologies to ensure sustainable development.
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The impact of architectural lighting on the environment of NKP Vyšehrad area
Kučera, Patrik ; Kárníková, Hana ; Maierová, Lenka
Architectural lighting performs an aesthetic function, accentuating the significance of historic buildings or important public spaces. At the time of the creation of historic buildings, the artificial night lighting of facades was neither affordable nor technologically feasible. The architecture was designed for daylighting, which is dynamic and creates different shadows and contrasts. With the coming of new powerful LED sources, lighting is becoming more and more involved in the atmosphere of the night environment, not only on festive occasions but also permanently. Intense cones of light create new, foreign elements in the nightscape. The increase in the frequency and intensity of electric lighting in the night environment contributes to light pollution that burdens nature and degrades the cultural landscape. The study analyses the illumination of the historic buildings of the Vyšehrad, assessing the effect of lighting on the monumental value of the buildings and the degree of interference with the natural environment of the park. Using brightness analysis, it monitors the adequacy of light use, identifies excessively illuminated areas, and places at risk of glare from light sources. The results demonstrate the contribution of architectural lighting to light pollution. Highintensity lighting and placement of light sources that do not support the plasticity of architectural detail affect the historical context in the environment - high contrasts affect visual comfort and user orientation. Light cones encroaching into the tree canopy have a negative impact. The excessive intensity and inappropriate direction of light are also detrimental to the wider context of the city.
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Plunging Brno into darkness: Measuring the contribution of public lighting to the total luminance of the night sky
Novák, F. ; Baxant, P.
The article deals with the description of measurements of night sky luminance in urban agglomeration with emphasis on the determination of changes in the values of these luminances when public and architectural lighting is temporarily turned off. The measurements took place in Brno, the second largest city in Czech Republic, with the population around 382 thousand. The presented paper is one of the perspectives on the impact of human activity on the surrounding environment and an example of a possible solution to quantify the impact of the introduction of technologies that directly or indirectly affect the environment not only for humans, but also for almost all forms of life.
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Light pollution regulation alternatives
Dobrianská, Kristýna ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
Light pollution regulation alternatives Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the subject of light pollution, the harmful effects of artificial (anthropogenic) light on natural nocturnal environment. The issue was first brought up some decades ago by astronomers whose night sky observations started to be obstructed by sky glow - one of the three types of light pollution. But there are far more reasons to re-evaluate the way and intensity with which we illuminate our surroundings. The natural day/night cycle and the way it changes throughout the year regulates the timing of biological processes of almost all life on Earth. Its disruption affects the orientation, reproduction and development of most animal and plant species. Humans are no exception - night-time artificial light exposure can lead to sleep disorders, depression, cardiovascular diseases and even increases the prevalence of some types of cancer. The first chapter of this thesis focuses on the complexity of the issue that is light pollution. The rest of it deals with the possible ways of regulating it. Chapter two presents a summary of supranational efforts to minimize light pollution from all relevant fields, including the steps taken by the European Union so far. The third chapter compares the legal approaches of individual countries to the...
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Use of Luminance Analyser for the Quantification of Artificial Light at Night
Novák, Filip ; Motyčka, Martin (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with obtrusive light and its measurement, especially with the help of luminance analyzers. In particular, the necessary theoretical basis for the design of a measuring methodology for obtrusive light or veil brightness of the sky is laid here. This mainly includes the division of obtrusive light and its manifestations, a description of the effects of obtrusive light on the environment, selected organisms and the human body. Also described herein are the biological mechanisms of the human body that are affected by light as such. Attention is also paid to streetlights, its classification and methods of reducing obtrusive light, as well as methods of measuring brightness and brightness analyzers. Last but not least, the night sky is also measured using the LumiDISP luminance analyzer and subsequent data are evaluated using the proposed method.
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Light pollution of the Kladno region
Klauda, Ondřej ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bobr, Ladislav (referee)
Light pollution is an environmental problem caused by overuse of artificial light at night. Light pollution mainly affects densely populated areas and industrial regions. In addition to night sky brightening, light pollution also causes discomfort and has negative health and environmental impacts. The literature review of this bachelor thesis deals with light, light pollution and the study area in three chapters. The aim of the practical part is examination of interaction of landscape and light pollution. On the basis of field measurements by the Sky Quality Meter in the surroundings of Kladno, the effect of forest on propagation of light pollution is assessed. The working hypothesis assumes the barrier effect of the forest. The hypothesis is not safely confirmed by the results, nevertheless the influence of Prague on night sky brightness has been shown. Keywords: light pollution, night sky brightness, barrier effect of forest, Sky Quality Meter, Kladno region
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